Blasts heard in Indonesian capital casualties seen AFP

Police had earlier put the toll of victims from Thursday's (January 14) assault at two, but raised it with the latest death and confirmation that an Indonesian man originally suspected of being a militant was actually a civilian.

The police chief said Afif has been recruited to IS by Indonesian extremist Bahrum Naim, who is believed to be a founding member of Katibah Nusantara and who police say orchestrated Thursday's attacks from Syria.

The Indonesian police believe Mr. Naim staged the attack to stake his claim to the leadership of 30 Southeast Asian militant groups that have declared allegiance to IS, but have not yet been accorded "governorate" status by the group's Syria-based leadership.

The 12 suspects had been arrested in West Java, Central Java and East Kalimantan and had a variety of weapons, Haiti said.

Jakartans sent a powerful message to would-be attackers Sunday, taking to the streets for their usual Sunday carnival, with residents gathering in major thoroughfares, which are typically closed to traffic for several hours each week.

Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim country, has long battled violent extremism, such as the 2002 and 2005 bombings in Bali, but police say this new generation is more unsafe, because ISIS' ideology views Muslims as legitimate targets.

The militant then left Indonesia, and is in Raqqa, "as part of the high ranks of ISIS", Karnavian said. A national counter-terrorism agency spokesperson said Afif had served seven years in prison, where he refused to cooperate with a de-radicalisation programme. Their identification with the Islamic State group in distant Syria is an attempt to change those perceptions by linking to a network known for brutal, headline-grabbing attacks.

While Indonesian authorities contend the attack was meant to "imitate" the coordinated Paris siege on November 15 previous year, the first IS attack in Indonesia fell short of that level of carnage.

Besides the four, police also named Ahmad Muhazan Saron, 26, as a suicide bomber who blew himself inside a Starbucks cafe on Jalan MH Thamrin, setting off a series of blasts and gunfights. Some 20 people were injured. Communications Ministry spokesman Ismail Cawidu urged Indonesians to report militant websites.

"One of those arrested has received a transfer of fund from the IS group to finance the operation", General Badrodin told a press conference at the police headquarters. He said the man wasn't linked to Thursday's attack.

An Indonesian and a man of dual Canadian-Algerian nationality were killed along with the attackers. The Islamic State has increased recruitment in Indonesia.

However, experts have indicated that since most of the Muslims in Indonesia practice a moderate type of Islam, it is unlikely for the population to be heavily influenced by Islamic militancy.

The Jakarta attack, following the extremist assaults in San Bernardino, Paris and Istanbul, suggests that the ability of IS to direct or inspire attacks around the world is building, he said.

The day after the attack, newspapers across the country carried bold front-page headlines declaring Indonesia is united in condemnation of the attack, which is the first in the country since 2009.